Design is the beginning of any manufacturing process, whether it is the manufacture of textiles, clothing, footwear, or leather goods. The production of clothing, footwear and fashion accessories begins with fashion design, and it is important that designers are aware of the requirements of specific markets within the South African clothing and footwear industry. Fashion design is geared for the creative person who has a flair for fashion, style and an interest in prevailing trends, cultural influences and production.

How is clothing manufactured?

The apparel (clothing) manufacturing industry transforms fabrics produced by textile manufacturers into clothing and accessories that supply the retail stores. By cutting and sewing fabrics or other materials, such as leather, rubberised fabrics, plastics, and furs, workers in this industry help to keep consumers warm, dry, and in style. The apparel industry consists mostly of production workers who perform the cutting and sewing functions in an assembly line. Computers and computer-controlled equipment aid in many functions, such as design, pattern making, and cutting; however, many functions (especially the sewing function) are usually carried out manually by machinists. A typical process of creating a finished garment based on a design is illustrated in Figure 4.

Apparel Manufacture Process

The design function is responsible for designing and tailoring a garment to individual client requirements, and according to any specifications that may be prescribed by the industry. This includes drafting the pattern and grading it into different sizes. Once the fit has been approved, a marker (cutting template) will be constructed to facilitate cutting of the garment panels across the different sizes and colourways required by the customer. The fabric is laid up and the panels are then cut according to the pattern and prepared for assembly. Cut panels are transferred to the production lines where the assembly process begins. At the end of the assembly process, garments are fully inspected against strict quality standards, pressed, labelled and packaged for despatch.

Fashion design includes the creative and technical skills of design, pattern making (for apparel and footwear) and sewing. This is a career which requires dedication and consistent hard work within an intensely competitive industry. Professional fashion designers often specialise in the design of ladieswear, menswear, childrenswear, footwear, sportswear, knitwear, formalwear, tailoring or swimwear, either for chain stores, boutiques, or apparel and footwear manufacturers. Qualified designers with relevant competence, training and experience could also become fashion editors, stylists or owners of their own businesses.